Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles

Dr. Robert T. Carter has established himself as a pioneering scholar in the fields of racial trauma, identity, and discrimination. His extensive research has shaped the understanding of race-based stress and its profound psychological impacts, influencing both academic discourse and practical applications in mental health, education, and organizational settings. With a commitment to rigorous inquiry and a deep understanding of systemic challenges, Dr. Carter’s peer-reviewed journal articles provide valuable frameworks for addressing racial disparities and promoting equity.

Below is a curated selection of his scholarly articles, highlighting his contributions to advancing knowledge on the intersections of race, psychology, and social justice:

2024

• Pieterse, A.L, Johnson, V., & Carter, R.T. (2024). The relationship between PTSD and race-based traumatic stress. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Policy, Research, and Practice, 16(2), 208-216. 

2023

• Pieterse, A.L, Roberson, K.L., Garcia, R., & Carter, R.T. (2023). Racial discrimination and trauma symptoms: Further support for the race-based traumatic stress symptom scale. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 29(3), 332-338.

2022

• Roberson, K., & Carter, R.T. (2022). The relationship between race-based traumatic stress and the trauma symptom checklist: Does racial trauma differ in symptom presentation? Traumatology, 28(1), 120-128.

2021

• Carter, R.T., & Kirkinis, K. (2021). Differences in emotional responses to race-based trauma among Black and White Americans. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 30(7), 889-906.

2020

• Anderson, R.E., Metzger, I., Applewhite, K., Sawyer, B., Jackson, W., Flores, S., McKenny, M.C., & Carter, R.T. (2020). Hands Up, Now what? Black families’ reactions to racial socialization. Journal of Youth Development, 15(5), 93-109.
• Carter, R.T., Kirkinis, K., & Johnson, V. (2020). Race-based traumatic stress and general trauma symptoms. Traumatology, 26(1), 11-18.
• Carter, R.T., Roberson, K., & Johnson, V. (2020). Race-based stress in White adults: Exploring the role of White racial identity status attitudes and type of racial events. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 48(2), 95-107.
• Johnson, V., & Carter, R.T. (2020). Black cultural strengths and psychological well-being: An empirical analysis with Black American adults. Journal of Black Psychology, 46(1), 55-89.

2019

• Suzuki, L.A., O’Shaughnessy, T.A., Rorsircar, G., Ponterotto, J.G., & Carter, R.T. (2019). Counseling psychology and the amelioration of oppression: Translating our knowledge into action. The Counseling Psychologist, 47(6), 826-872.
• Buki, L.P., Whitely, J.M., Heppner, P.P., Carter, R.T., Fouad, N.A., Lang, L.F., & Weiterschan, K.A. (2019). Editors’ reflections on the Crown Jewel of the Society of Counseling Psychology: 1969–2019. The Counseling Psychologist, 47(1), 6-25.
• Carter, R.T., Johnson, V., Kirkinis, K., Roberson, K., Muchow, C., & Galgay, C. (2019). A meta-analytic review of racial discrimination: Relationships to health and culture. Race and Social Problems, 11(1), 15-32.
• Carter, R.T., & Johnson, V. (2019). Racial identity statuses: Applications to practice. Practice Innovations, 4(1), 42-58.

2018

• Carter, R.T., Muchow, C., & Pieterse, A.L. (2018). Construct and predictive validity and measurement equivalence of the RBTSSS with Black Americans. Traumatology, 24(1), 8-16.

This list represents only a portion of Dr. Carter’s expansive contributions, demonstrating his commitment to addressing the psychological impacts of racism and fostering societal change.